Periodontal disease is a common condition affecting many individuals in the United States. It primarily affects the gums and the surrounding structures that support the teeth. This condition can lead to discomfort, difficulties with daily functions like eating, and even tooth loss if left untreated. Understanding its causes, symptoms, prevention methods, and treatment options is key for maintaining oral health.  

What Is Periodontal Disease? 

Periodontal disease, often called gum disease, is a condition affecting the soft tissues and bone supporting teeth. It ranges in severity, from inflammation in the gums, referred to as gingivitis, to more severe stages where teeth may loosen or be lost. This disease affects oral health and can impact overall health, often associated with conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 

Gum disease progresses through an infection caused by bacteria in dental plaque. Untreated cases can lead to irreversible damage to the teeth’s supporting structures over time. This impacts their function and appearance. 

What Causes It? 

The primary cause of periodontal disease is plaque, a sticky bacterial film constantly forming on teeth. When plaque is not removed through proper oral hygiene, it hardens into tartar, which can harbor bacteria beneath the gums. Additional factors contributing to periodontal disease include smoking, hormonal changes, certain medical conditions, and a genetic predisposition. Poor dental hygiene and a diet high in sugars and processed foods can accelerate its onset. 

What Are the Symptoms? 

Early signs include red, swollen, or bleeding gums, particularly during brushing or flossing. Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth may also occur. If the condition progresses to periodontitis, warning signs can include receding gums, loose teeth, or changes in how teeth fit together when biting down. Pain or sensitivity may also develop due to exposed roots or gum tissue pulling away from the teeth. 

How Can You Prevent Periodontal Disease? 

Prevention involves consistent oral care routines and lifestyle modifications. Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and cleaning between the teeth daily with floss or interdental brushes can prevent bacterial buildup. Regular dental cleanings and check-ups also help remove plaque and tartar that brushing alone doesn’t address. 

Adopting a balanced diet can further reduce the risk of gum disease. Limiting sugary foods and incorporating more vegetables, fruits, and whole grains promotes healthier gums. For smokers, quitting tobacco use is one of the most impactful changes to lower periodontal disease risk. Managing underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, and staying hydrated also support overall oral health. 

What Are the Treatment Options? 

Treatment options depend on the severity of the disease. Early stages often require professional cleaning, such as scaling and root planing. This procedure removes plaque and tartar above and below the gumline while smoothing root surfaces to discourage further bacterial growth. 

For cases requiring advanced care, innovative techniques are available. Laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP) and the laser-assisted peri-implant procedure (LAPIP) utilize lasers to target diseased tissue precisely while promoting healing. Both treatments aim to preserve as much healthy gum and bone as possible. 

More advanced conditions may involve surgical options, such as the pinhole surgical technique (PST). This is a minimally invasive procedure used to address gum recession without the need for sutures. Bone grafting or guided tissue regeneration is another method used to restore lost bone. 

See a Dental Specialist Today 

Maintaining gum health plays a beneficial role in overall oral wellness. If you experience symptoms of periodontal disease or want to prevent it, consulting a dental specialist helps determine the right approach for your needs. Early detection and appropriate treatment can make a difference in achieving healthier gums.